NOMBRES – Curiosités, Théorie et Usages

 

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LINGUISTIQUE

 

Débutants

Général

ANGLAIS

 

Glossaire

Nombre

Nombres en quatre langues

Nombres et quantités

LangueIndex

Numération en anglais

Expressions avec des nombres

Faux-amis 1

Numération autres langues

Expressions en maths

Faux-amis 2

Expressions idiomatiques

Expressions business partie 1 / 2

Préfixes des nombres

Anglais pour parler technique

Expressions business partie 2 / 2

Dates, la semaine prochaine …

Expressions en économie

Divers

 

Bagage anglais indispensable du niveau baccalauréat

Un bon plan pour vos rédactions en anglais: connaitre tous les mots montrés en jaune!

 

 

 

Woman,    without her man,    is nothing.

Woman!   Without her,  man   is nothing.

La femme sans homme n'est rien.

La femme! Sans elle, l'homme n'est rien.

 

Anglais, langue universelle? Loin de là! Il y a aussi l'espagnol, l'hindi-urdu, l'arabe, le chinois … Recrudescence de ces langues avec la prospérité des BRIC (Brésil, Russie, Inde et Chine). Le monde anglophone reconnaît qu'il devrait désormais s'intéresser aux autres langues pour favoriser l'accès aux informations des autres cultures.

La part des publications Internet en anglais est passée

de 80% en l'an 2000 à 30% seulement en 2012.

Voir Pensées & humour / Langues

 

 

Baccalauréat 2015 - Anglais

Deux éléments de question ont fait sécher de nombreux candidats de terminale:

*    What are three of his concerns about the situation (trois préoccupations) ?

*    How is Turner coping with the situation (gérer, affronter)?

Une pétition demandant le retrait de ces deux questions a été immédiatement mise en route sur Internet au motif que ces mots n'avaient pas été appris en classe.

 

attention.png    Ces mots figurent dans le présent lexique du vocabulaire de base de la description au sens le plus général.

Voir Enseignement / Faux amis en anglais

 

Un peu d'anglais … et ses tournures

How do you feel about mathematics? Have you ever found math to be fun or meaningful to your life? Are you ever confused, frustrated or intimidated by math?

How do you feel about the way your school teaches math? Is it engaging or motivating? Does it make sense to you? What do you think would be the best way to learn math and why?

Que pensez-vous des mathématiques? Avez-vous déjà trouvé que les mathématiques étaient amusantes ou avaient un sens dans votre vie? Êtes-vous parfois dérouté, frustré ou intimidé par les mathématiques?

Que pensez-vous de la façon dont votre école enseigne les mathématiques? Est-ce attrayant ou motivant? Est-ce que cela semble sensé pour vous? Selon vous, quel serait le meilleur moyen d'apprendre les mathématiques et pourquoi?

Voir Enseignement des maths

 

 

 

 

 Les 200

EXPRESSIONS ANGLAISES

Utiles à savoir, essentiellement dans le milieu

des affaires, de l'économie et du management,

donc à savoir dès la terminale.

 

Le vocabulaire spécifique à une profession est appris "sur le tas" lorsqu'on exerce un métier. Tout le monde n'a pas besoin de savoir comment se dit "pont roulant" (gantry crane, bridge crane …). Par contre, le vocabulaire pour décrire sa composition, son fonctionnement ou son but est commun à toutes les disciplines.

 

Cette page liste le vocabulaire anglais pour parler:

*    de description au sens général,

*    de technique,

*    des affaires,

*    de management,

*    etc.

 

Attention.jpgCe glossaire a été rédigé pour la première fois en 1975, suite à mes premières rencontres avec Anglais et Américains, et il a été enrichi au cours de ma carrière de manager exercée dans de nombreux pays de langue anglaise ou parlant anglais (Royaume-Uni, États-Unis, Australie, Inde, Corée du sud et de nombreux pays européens dont Allemagne, Suède, Espagne, Italie…) Cette liste n'est pas académique et comporte sans doute des lacunes et des erreurs qui ne sont que de mon fait. Mon but consiste simplement à montrer quel est le vocabulaire de base utilisé en business. Il s'agit du bagage minimum indispensable. Ce bagage s'avère également très utile pour rédiger des copies au baccalauréat, comme le montre la mésaventure de 2015

 

 

Différence de culture !

Avec des lecteurs américains, mieux vaut commencer par montrer que le sujet que vous traiter est suffisamment construit et intéressant pour mériter du temps et de la peine. Pour un public français, vous montrerez que l’auteur fait preuve d'une maitrise du sujet et d'une hauteur de vue suffisante.

Exemple vécu (1988): deux équipes d'ingénieurs s'invectivaient de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique. Mon homologue américain et moi décidons de faire un point hebdomadaire. Nous découvrons que les Américains attendaient des documents construits même sans matière; alors que les Français envoyaient des documents techniquement parfaits mais avec une présentation brouillonne. Les uns se focalisaient sur le contenu et les autres sur le contenant.

Pour commencer un document, les Américains élaborent un STORY BOARD: un plan complété par une idée très grossière du contenu des chapitres. Ensuite, ils y introduisent l'intelligence (TO FLESH OUT: introduire la viande!)

   

 

 

 

Légende

Les mots en rose sont ceux du langage des affaires, du management, de la technique. À connaître!

En cases jaunes, les mots incontournables.

Un mot peut se trouver ailleurs que dans l'entrée principale.

Faites Ctrl F pour le rechercher dans l'ensemble du document.

 

MOTS et exemples d'emploi

According to

En accord avec

*    According to the specifications; to article 2;  to our records ..

*    According to the percentage of shares …

*    According to a recent study …

Account for

Représenter

*    Half of the adult women older than 18 are unmarried – 56 millions (USA) – and now account for 1 in 4 people of voting age.

Achieve

Atteindre, réaliser

*    To achieve full employment; the best possible result; more efficient use of resources; the same result as last year; our common objectives; energy saving.

*    … in order to achieve a particular commercial objective.

*    To achieve this we need to constantly strive to upgrade our performance.

Actually

Réellement, vraiment, en fait

Mot passe-partout!

*    Actually, I don't know him at all.

Address

Répondre

*    To address the needs of the customers

*    To address specific problems.

*    To address the operating system issue.

*    To address the issue currently being raised in this regard.

Advanced

De pointe, sophistiqué, perfectionné, avancé

*    He is using advanced data-gathering techniques to identify faulty components. (il utilise des techniques de collecte de données sophistiquées pour identifier les composants défectueux)

Afford

Affordable

Affordability

Se permettre, s'offrir

*    This is more than I can afford.

*    They cannot afford to pay such an advanced computer.

*    We cannot afford to delay. (Aucun retard n'est permis).

*    The management principles of efficiency and affordability. (Efficience et capacité financière).

Agree, agreed

Entendu, approuvé

*    I fully agree, provided that you meet the agreed specifications.

*    Not all scientists agree on all of these criteria.

*    It would seem that we might agree on these new points.

Aim

Viser

But

*    Pure or basic research aims to clarify scientific principles without a specific end product in view.

*    The overall aim is to prevent defects through quality control.

All in all

Tout compte fait, au total, tout bien considéré

*    All in all so far so good (tout va bien jusqu'à présent)

*    So all in all, I am very pleased that …

*    So all in all, this is good business

Allow

Permettre

*    This method allows to carry out several processes at the same time.

*    In order to allow us to provide you with the best possible products.

*    The computer system must allow students to create, edit, compile quickly, and execute Java programs.

*    Information technology alIows very fast. automated manipulation of digital data.

Allow for

Permettre (de manière permanente)

*    This law would allow for better security

*    This action would allow for flexibility

*    A sufficiently large amount of money to allow for the implementation of the project.

Apply

S'appliquer

*    Here, the requirements apply.

*    This article will also apply to all further amendments.

Arise

Survenir, apparaître, se manifester, émaner, prendre sa source

*    Problems could arise if we do not resolve the situation.

*    Modern mathematical logic also addresses foundational issues that arise in mathematic.

Assess

Évaluer

*    Assess the quality of your sources.

*    To assess the possible economy.

*    To assess the performance of this new system.

*    …to assess the credibility, quality and comprehensiveness of systems.

*    Any project starts with a feasibility study to assess both financial and engineering aspects.

*    The Agency has launched a study to assess the risks to GPS service from a variety of sources.

Assessment

Évaluation, estimation

*    An environmental assessment.

*    Assessment of the financial viability.

*    The objective of these assessments was to identify

*    With regard to the withdrawal of those assessments (en ce qui concerne le retrait de ces avis).

Assumed

It is assumed that

Supposé

*    It is assumed to be very difficult.

*    The assumed prerequisites include knowledge of basic English and algebra.

At the end of the day

Au final, en fin de compte

*    I think that, at the end of the day, we'll have to conclude a deal.

Award

Décerner, attribuer

*    This university awards about 200 computer science degrees a year. (Diplômes).

*    To award a grant. (Octroyer une subvention).

*    He may  award any amount it deems appropriate. (Il peut accorder toute somme qui lui semble adéquate).

Awesome

Génial, superbe, formidable, impressionnant, imposant

*    These drone strikes are not particularly awesome.

*    It is an awesome, positive answer to the challenge.

*    This is really awesome! (C'est le pied!)

*    Awesome programs, movies, museum, capacities, experiences, …

 

 

B

Ballpark figure

En gros, approximativement,

Chiffre pifométrique

*    These are ballpark figures (estimations grossières).

*    We are only able to provide ballpark figures.

*    Give me a general, rough, ballpark figure.

*    Granted, this is a ballpark approximation with a really big ballpark. But, even a lousy approximation is better than none at all.

Based on

Fondé sur, reposant sur

*    The design process needs to be based on a thorough understanding of the problem to be solved.

Basically

En fait, tout simplement, fondamentalement

*    The owner basically told us to leave, so we had to move.

*    The component basically consists of

*    Basically, this graphs indicates that …

Basis

Fair basis

Base

Base équitable

*    To negotiate on a fair basis.

*    We'll evaluate the bid on the basis of cost-effectiveness.

Bear out

Confirmer

*    Recent data bears out his theory (les données récentes confirment sa théorie).

*    His version of events isn't borne by the facts (contredite par les faits).

Belated

Tardif

*    A belated happy birthday.

*    Belated measures do nothing to solve the problem.

Benefit

Bénéficier

*    It benefits from an increasingly developed international environment.

Besides

Outre, en plus

*    Besides talent that knows how to build infrastructure, Seattle has a number of leading cloud software companies.

Bid

 

 

Bid price

Offre, proposition (avec prix)

 

Prix de soumission

Cours acheteur

*    A bid of 20,000 euros.

*    Could you reformulate your bid and include logistics options.

*    If your bid is successful, unsuccessful.

*    This offer is based on our bid prices at year end.

Billion

Milliard

*    Voir liste des faux-amis.

Blooming

Fleurissante, resplendissant, dynamique, en plein boom

*    In the blooming economy.

*    A strong and blooming economy begins by the efforts of every people and every company.

Blunt

Direct

Émoussé

*    I'm sorry to be blunt, but it's important that you understand.

Boil down

Se ramener à, se réduire à, se résumer à, se condenser en

*    When you write your complex number as an e-power, your problem boils down to taking the Log of (1+i).

*    What the rules boil down to is that …

Bottom-line

Valeur finale, butée;

Essentiel

*    I'll accept this price, but that's my bottom-line.

*    When it comes to the bottom line in computer choice (lorsqu'il est question de déterminer ce qui est important pour le choix des ordinateurs).

*    Both companies have faced pressure to improve their bottom lines.

Breakthrough

Percée, rupture technologie

*    To make a significant breakthrough.

*    To achieve an important  breakthrough

Bring together

Réunir, rassembler

*    … which brought together more than 2,000 participants each year for the last decade.
tous les ans sur la dernière décennie.

*    We have now to bring together the specifications.

Bullshit!

Ce sont des conneries, des foutaises

*    That's bullshit, utter bullshit (connerie totale)

By and large

En général, en gros, en grand partie

*    The sales engineer considers that by and large the proposals have been well received.

 

 

C

Carry out

Éxécuter, effectuer, mener

*    They carry out their duties.

*    I'll carry out this project next year.

*    To carry out rigorous reporting.

*    This method allows to carry out several processes at the same time.

*    To carry out a study.

*    We wilI carry out the tests in order to get feedback on our advertising campaigns.

Caveat

Réserve, mise en garde

*    After reading the contract, I have a few caveats.

*    One caveat must be added.

*    This is a hint about what the formula is doing, and that maybe there are some caveats.

Challenge

Défi

*    This will be a significant challenge to achieve these objectives.

*    This is a very inspiring and demanding challenge. (un défi très motivant et exigeant).

*    To take up the challenge. (Relever le défi).

CEO: Chief Executive Officer

PDG: Président directeur général

*    We need to appoint a new CEO.

*    The Board meets two times a year in the presence of the CEO. (Le Conseil de Surveillance se réunit deux fois par an en présence du PDG).

Close

Proche

*    We're getting pretty close.

Come to

S'agir, en venir à, en arriver à…

*    French are one of the most anxious populations when it comes to the future.

*    When it comes to … (En ce qui concerne…, pour ce qui est de ...  Si on veut parler de …)

*    When it comes to vectors, the dot product is …

Come to think of it

À bien y penser, en fait

*    I haven't been to US in a couple of years. You know, come to think of it, I haven't gone anywhere in the last few years.

*    Come to think of it, I can't even remember when the last time I hosted a party was.

Come out with

Mettre en place, développer, proposer, publier

*    Four researchers have recently come out with a model that upends the conventional wisdom in their field.

Come up with

Proposer

*    To come up with a solution

*    To come up with an effective solution, a innovative plan, unique ideas, ingenious methods, different options, positive comments, a rescue package, a new system …

*    In 1963 Stanislav Ulam came up with a way to graph prime numbers.

*    A mathematician named XX came up with a way of assigning a value to this series.

Commitment

Engagement, responsabilité

*    A strong commitment made by the Board

*    Commitment to deliver on time.

*    This commitment needs to be fulfilled; to be fully met.

Compare

Comparer

*    To compare a Twingo with a Laguna (même plan).

*    To compare a car to a dangerous monster (ordres différents).

Complementary

Complimentary

Complémentaire

Gratuit, élogieux

*    I've got complimentary ticket for the show.

*    I've complimentary remarks regarding our quality control.

Completed

Terminé

*    The project is completed on time.

*    He just completed his training course.

*    These activities were successfully completed in July.

*    This first phase is expected to be completed by the end of July..

Comply

(meet, fulfill)

Satisfaire, respecter, être conforme

*    To comply with the required procedure; with such a request; with the specifications; with usual standards (normes); these regulations; legal requirements; all applicable laws; a number of formalities;

*    Failure to comply with any of the provisions with respect to these matters could render the application invalid.

Composed of

Composé de

*    A piece of software, just like a computer itself, is composed of many interacting parts.

Comprehensive

Complet, exhaustif

*    A comprehensive review; plan; solution; guide; support; insurance policy; set of rules.

*    It requires a comprehensive knowledge of computer sciences.

Concentrate

(Focus)

Se concentrer, se focaliser, s'appliquer

*    Microbiology concentrates on those biological processes and structures that are too small for us to see with our eyes.

*    People in production focus on efficiency and effectiveness of processes in order to maximize productivity.

Concern

Faire l'objet de, s'appliquer à

*    Production management is concerned with planning and controlling industrial processes which produce and distribute products and services.

Concerns

préoccupations; problèmes

*    To raise concerns about the functioning of...

*    To discuss specific concerns

*    We look forward to hearing your response to our concerns.

Confident

Confiant, convaincu, optimiste

*    We are reasonably confident that some agreement will soon be reached on this issue.

*    We are confident that the system will perform according to specifications.

*    We are confident that the work can be completed by next week.

Consider

Considérer, pris en compte

*    There are many factors that need to be considered in the planning system

Consist

Consister, composer

*    Electronic circuits consist of interconnections of electronic components, at the heart of which are semiconductors.

Consistent with

In agreement with

En accord avec

*    These improvements are consistent with the specifications.

*    These activities are consistent with our policy; with our action plan; with the Terms and Conditions of the contract; with the overall objectives of the Company.

Contemplate

Envisager

*    This sum diverges, but a partial sum can be contemplated

Contrary

 

Unlike

Contrairement à

 

À la différence de

*    Contrary to popular opinion, drinking wine may be good for people's health.

*    Unlike sterilization, the pill is totally reversible.

Cope with

(face)

Faire face, se débrouiller, s'en sortir

*    to cope with a challenge (affronter un défi)

*    To cope with the aftermath of (affronter les conséquences de)

*    To cope with the space problem, the loss of authority, the real life, conventional weapons, periods of high activity ...

Cornerstone

Pierre angulaire, élément clé, pilier

*    In fact, it is one of our highest priorities and remains the cornerstone of our commitment to you.

*    Innovation and integration are cornerstones of our business, we believe that excellence is the standard and we always encourage new ideas.

Cover

Couvrir, traiter

*    These topics need not be covered in detail.

Credence (to lend – to smthg)

Confirmer

Rendre qch plus crédible, accréditer (l'idée),

appuyez l'opinion

*    This lends credence to Legendre's conjecture.

*    This could lend credence to the idea that …

*    They lend credence to the allegations of corruption.

Curse

Maudire

*    You might have in a way cursed the man that invented Mathematics because he caused the only problem you're facing at school.

 

Date (to -)

jusqu'à présent

*    This is the largest prime discovered to date.

Day

(at the end of the-)

finalement, en bout de course

*    At the end of the day, no matter how you’ve decided the degree of approximation …

Deadline

Échéance, date limite, date butoir

*    Before the deadline of 31 July.

Deadlock

Impasse

*    When the discussions came to a deadlock we wrote up a letter of intent to continue the negotiations next month.

Deal

Let's make a deal

Not big deal!

Affaire, marché

Concluons une entente

Pas de problème, as la mer à boire

*    It's probably the best deal in my life.

*    To make a deal; to strike a deal (conclure un marché).

*    All in all, the deal is unacceptable.

Deal with

Traiter de

S'occuper de

*    This article deals with a major issue.

*    Here are some useful strategies for dealing with difficult people and hopefully avoiding conflict!

Decade

(ten years)

Décennie

(dix ans)

*    Décade en français: dix jours (faux-amis)

Deceptive

Trompeur, mensonger

*    A deceptive budget; these statistics are deceptive; However, the simplicity of the concept is deceptive

Dedicated

Dédié, fait exprès pour

*    This group is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education.

Delve

Plonger

*    They had to delve into the deepest model mathematicians have for random behavior in the primes.

Demanding

Éxigeant, ambitieux, éprouvant, astreignant

*    Important and demanding tasks.

*    Complex and demanding process.

*    Demanding quality control.

Design

Concevoir

*    Design, implement, and analyze solutions to problems.

Develop

Déveloper

*    Industry spends vast sums to develop new products and the means to produce them cheaply, efficiently, and safely.

Downside

Drawback

Inconvénient

*    The downside is that this well-order is impossible to find explicitly for most sets.

Dramatic

Important, impressionnant, considérable …

*    An unusually large and bright Moon will adorn the night sky next Monday. The closest "supermoon" to Earth in 68 years and a chance for dramatic photos and spectacular surf.

*    The chessboard example is a useful tool to think about the dramatic impacts of digital doubling.

Dramatically

Radicalement, énormément, spectaculairement

*    To be dramatically improved; re-inforced.

*    The number of major flaws increases dramatically over the past month.

*    Technological advances in the chemical industry have dramatically altered the world's economy (a considérablement modifié l'économie mondiale).

Drawback

(disadvantage)

Inconvénient, bémol

Remboursement d'impôt

*    To assess advantages and drawbacks.

*    The only slight drawback; major drawback will be  ...

*    However there are some drawback to using ...

*    The drawback of these methods is ...

*    Write 10 advantages and 10 disadvantages of using the internet?

*    Disadvantages of a partnership include that the liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited.

Due to

 

Thanks to

Dû à

 

Grâce à

*    Due to For mysterious reasons.

*    "Due to" est à éviter, souvent "because" va bien

*    Évitez aussi le "'thanks to"pratiquement pas utilisé en anglais

Elude

échapper à, déjouer, éviter

*    to elude to control

*    to elude to justice

*    one can hardly elude to biometric controls

*    And to this day, that laboratory evidence continues to elude the experts

Embrace

Couvrir, comprendre, inclure, être composé de

*    Computer science embraces problem solving, hardware, algorithms, and perspectives that help people utilize computers

Emphasize

Souligner, mettre l'accent sur, faire ressortir, accentuer

*    Because the discipline of computer science emphasizes problem solving

Enable

Permettre

*    It enables students to pursue college-level studies.

Endeavor, endeavour

S'éfforcer, trouver le moyen de, faire de son mieux

*    They should endeavour to mitigate risks

*    From now on, they will endeavour to inform the personnel.

Endeavor

effort

*    All the endeavours necessary to ...

*    We'll contribute to the endeavour

*    His endeavour to guide the people

*    They made a major endeavour to better understand their needs

*    In an endeavour to more closely understand their needs ...

*    I look forward to your cooperation in this endeavour.

Endow

Doter, conférer

*    To endow them with new functions

*    They have do endow clear and precise goals

*    The fund will be endow with one million euros

*    What does it mean to "endow a vector space with a Lie algebra"?

Enhance,

improve, strengthen

Renforcer, améliorer

*    To enhance the competitiveness.

*    To enhance the quality of our products.

Ensure

Assurer, garantir

*    To ensure compliance with the rules.

*    To ensure a fast time-to-market (garantir une introduction rapide sur le marché)

*    You should ensure you do not miss the deadline. (Assurez-vous de ne pas dépasser la date butoir).

Entail

Impliquer, engendrer

*    This entailed everything from …

*    This kind of programme entails the participation of women.

*    You have a lot of tools at your disposal such as linear algebra and everything that entails.

Entitled

Autorisé, avoir de droit de, bénéficié

*    My contract says that I am entitled to full benefits after six months of employment.

*    Who is really entitled to bargain?

Equipment

Information

Collectifs

*    A piece of equipement (un équipement); Equipment (les équipements).

*    A piece of information; information.

Eventually

attention.png   Finalement

Enfin

We may have to do this eventually but not yet.

Il se peut que nous devions finir par faire cela, mais pas encore.

*    He eventually realized how lucky he was (il a fini par comprendre).

*    He ended up having to pay twice as much (il a fini par être obligé de payer deux fois plus).

*    Eventually they managed to defeat the Persians but Athens was now a ruin.

*    In the beginning, there was just one … Eventually, some clever scientists discovered …

*    Conjecture: starting from any positive integer n, iterations of the function C(x) will eventually reach the number 1.

*    We observe that almost all physical phenomena, which has been explained, can eventually be explained by the laws of mathematics.

Voir Faux amis anglais

Exemplify

Montrer en exemple

*    The intent is to exemplify what is meant by puzzles, and how truly enigmatic they are.

Extent (to some -)

Dans une certaine mesure

*    Now to some extent, we all have an idea of what life is.

 

 

 

F

Face

(cope with)

Faire face, affronter

*    Both companies have faced pressure to improve their bottom lines (La ligne du bas, soit le résultat).

*    To face difficulties; problems; unexpected events; conflicts; additional costs; a challenge…

Factory or Sea

Acceptance Tests (FAT / SAT)

Recette en usine et et recette sur site

*    Test du système en présence du client de chaque clause du chier des charges en sortie d'usine puis in situ, dans ses conditions normales d'utilisation.

Fair and reasonable

Juste et raisonnable

*    Fair and reasonable decision; conditions; compensation; process of risk mitigation …

Familiar

Informé, connaissant

*    Students also need to be familiar with the concepts of prime numbers.

*    I would really like to help you, but I'm afraid I'm not familiar with this type of machine.

Feature

Offrir, comporter, lettre en scène

*    The menu offers delicious surprises, featuring fishes and seafood

Figure out

Se faire une idée, arriver à comprendre, réaliser, trouver comment faire

Locution très employée

*    I cannot figure out how much it'll cost.

*    I'll figure out later.

*    I can't figure it out.

*    Can you figure out the secret of this picture?

*    To figure out how many bananas remain …

Fix

Réparer, corriger, régler, rectifier, résoudre

*    We could fix the problem right away.

*    It is an odd matter that we have to fix.

*    The new software release fixes many bugs.

Flesh out

Développer, enrichir, donner des détails

*    Flesh out the proof of theorem by supplying arguments to justify the claim that if there is …

*    I want to just flesh out some issues you raised.

Focus

Focaliser, centrer, concentrer, mettre l'accent sur; emphase

*    We shall focus on our strengths; on value-added activities; on effort to accelerate …

*    The focus is on describing … (L'accent ou l'emphase est placé sur la description)

Fold (k-fold)

Pli (k fois)

*    The three-fold challenge (le triple défi).

*    The purpose of this paper is three-fold. Firstly, we would like to present an elementary technique … (L'objectif de cet article est triple …)

Following

As follows

Ci-après, ci-joint,

Comme suit

*    Following is an outline of the major topics.

*    The specification will now read as follows:

For

De

*    The reason of this crisis is still unclear.

*    The reason for this crisis is still unclear.

Forge

Créér, conclure

*    ... and forge links between industry and culture.

*    ... and forge a massive alliance with

Foster

Nourrir, entretenir, favoriser

*    We foster high hopes.

*    We'll foster scientific development.

*    To foster transparency; greater mutual understanding; concrete discussions; partnerships; creativity...

Framework

Cadre

*    A strong framework for promotion of quality control.

*    A useful framework for discussion.

*    To adopt a contractual framework for the implementation of this action plan.

Fulfil or fulfill

(meet, comply)

Remplir, réaliser, s'acquitter

*    To fulfill the conditions; the specifications; the requirements; the agreement; the objectives; the mission ...

Fundamentally

Basically

Primarily, mainly

Fondamentalement, Essentiellement, principalement

Premièrement, en priorité

*    The inside of the edifice is primarily reserved to religious services.

*    This evolution is primarily due to the electronic sector.

Gamut

Gamme

*    Modern applications are also found in a wide gamut of areas.

Gear

Affaires, équipements, engins; engrenage; vitesse

*    Let me take my gears

*    Gear box,  reduction gear

*    You must change into second gear.

Get

Avoir, devoir

*    I've got to go (Je dois y aller).

*    We have got to go for a sensible, risk-based system.  (Nous devons avoir (nous prononcer pour) un système intelligent et fondé sur l'étude des risques)  

Give way to

Céder

Remplacer

*    Give way to pressure (céder à la pression).

*    The old standards have gradually given way to the new html format.

Given (a -)

Un acquis

*    Attractiveness is never a given, bust must be constantly cultivated.

Go (to have at -)

Essayer

Faire la démarche

*    So I'm assuming you've had a go at it.

Go along

(accept)

Accepter, s'associer

*    I can go along with all the points you mentioned so far.

*    I feel I'll not go along with that.

Go no go decision

Décision effective

*    A go no go decision-making process.

*    At this stage a go no go decision can be made.

Goal

But

*    The following goals apply.

*    With the goal of providing new methods intended to ...

*    The overall goal for designing a piece of software (a computer program) is to correctly solve the given problem. At the same time, this goal should encompass specifying and designing a program that is understandable.

Granted (taken  - for)

Tenu pour acquis

Considérer comme acquis, comme allant de soi

*    Nearly every conceivable modern technology taken for granted today would not exist if it were not for specific revelations in the fields of mathematics, physics, and engineering.

Grounded

Ancré

*    While firmly grounded in the tradition ...

Hardly

Scarcely

No Much

Guère

*    There was hardly anyone (il n'y avait guère de monde).

*    The situation hasn't change much.

*    There is little doubt that …

Here or to go

[i-e-to-g']

Sur place ou à emporter

Phrase incompréhensible aux États-Unis. Mieux vaut s'y attendre devant un comptoir de restauration.

Highlights

Faits saillants, point culminant

*    One of the highlights of the exhibition.

*    The survey highlighted the needs of additional workforce.

*    And now, let's turn to the highlights over the past year since we last met.

Hindsight (in -)

Avec le recul

A posteriori

Après coup

*    In hindsight, it becomes clear that it is simpler to work with …

*    In hindsight, the management was not much better.

Implement

Réaliser, mettre en pratique

*    Paris can and must implement this project.

Improve, enhance

Améliorer

*    To improve our image; access to; the quality; the effectiveness; social policy …

*    For better productivity: reduce costs, increase volume and improve services.

*    We believe it will improve overall effectiveness.

In layman's terms

Dans le langage de tous les jours; pour le novice

*    Can somebody please explain to me what this theorem in layman's terms is?

In my opinion

In my view

To my mind

À mon avis

*    This is not, to my mind, a good example

Inclined to

enclin à, être prêt à, avoir tendance à

*    I'm inclined to accept your proposal; to agree with you.

*    I'm not inclined to be involved in this deal.

Include

Inclure

*    The assumed prerequisites include knowledge of basic English and algebra.

*    The major elements of a building include: the foundation, the structure, the exterior walls, etc.

Inquiry

Enquête, investgation, questionnment, interrogatoire

*    Biology is such a vast field of inquiry.

*    The main conclusion of the inquiry ...

Insight

Idée, notion, apercu, perception

*    The mathematics is rich and has delivered surprising insights.

*    To provide insight into some of the differences in …

*    To gain insight into …

*    We need a better insight into the financial situation

Intended to

Destiné à, adressé à, censé

*    The present notice is intended to ... (le présent avis s'adresse à ...).

*    This report is intended to be the first step in revising the requirements.

Introduce

Présenter

*    These projections were introduced as an attempt to work out the long-range implications of new figures.

Involve

Impliquer, comprendre, consister, mettre en jeu

*    Computer science involves the study of complex systems, of which computer software is often a part.

*    Many programs involve numerical computations and therefore are limited by the finite representations of integers in a computer.

*    Engineering as a profession involves different tasks.

Issue

Question essentielle

Problème

Enjeu

Préoccupation

Souci

Sujet

Aussi:

publication, numéro

Mot très utilisé à la place de problème en français

*    The main issue is…; the major issue is …

*    This article deals with a major issue.

*    The issue raised by the article is very interesting.

*    It's important to address this issue now.

*    This is an issue closely linked to quality control.

*    The most urgent issue probably concerns the price.

*    This is clearly a management issue.

*    Another issue of concern is ...

Jeopardize

Mettre en péril, en danger, gâcher, compromettre

*    To jeopardize the agreement; success; security; peace; jobs; progress …

*    Such costs could jeopardize the whole development of the project.

Lack

Manquer, faire défaut

*    If you are lacking in this ability, you can improve over time by simply paying more attention to the way people interact.

*    Lack of time; of awareness; of data; of knowledge; of understanding; participation; interest; reliability …

Laid down

Indiqué, prévu

*    Laid down in the article; in the protocol.

*    Before the deadline laid down in the agreements

Lasting

Qui dure, durable

(voir sustainable)

*    It requires only limited funds yet has a long lasting positive impact

Leverage

Effet de levier, influence, démultiplication

*    I have no leverage with the committee.

*    We have a little bit of leverage because we are the only one company to propose this product.

Look forward

Être heureux de,  être impatient de

*    We look forward for further discussion

*    I look forward to your cooperation in this endeavour.

*    I look forward to your reaction to this suggestion

*    I look forward to discussing the matter with you

*    I look forward to reinforcing our cooperation

*    We look forward to hearing your response to our concerns.

 

M et suite  >>>

 

 

Suite

*       Expressions anglaises – Partie 2 (de M à Z)

*       Expressions idiomatiques

*       Anglais pour parler technique

*       Étymologie anglaise

*       Inventaire des nombres: texte français-anglais

Voir

*       Chinois

*       Débutants

*       DicoCulture

*       DicoMot des maths

*       DicoNombre

*       Étymologie

*       Glossaire

*       Humour

*       Jeux de lettres et de mots

*       Langue et linguistiqueIndex

*       Lettres

*       Mots d'esprit

*       Origine français

Sites

*       Écouter les nombres et les expressions mathématiques en anglais (et autres …)

*       Langage Course – Cours gratuits en anglais (et autres langues)

*       HYPERDICTIONARY - Définitions et  thésaurus anglais

*       Linguee – Quantité de phrases en anglais et français contenant le mot ou la locution que vous souhaitez.

*       Your dictionary – Dictionnaire, thésaurus, mots en situation (phrases) …

*       Grammica – un testeur de grammaire anglaise en ligne

*       Grammar check – Check grammar, spelling, & punctuation error

Livres

*       How to write in English – Jean-Max Thomson- Nathan – 2002

*       At the negotiation table, l'anglais des affaires – Michèle Rivas – Dunod – 1988

*       Dictionnaire de l'anglais des affaires – Guillaume de La Roque et Yono Bernard – Le Livre de Poche- 1988

*       L'anglais économique et commercial – JP. Berman, M. Marcheteau, M. Savio – Presss Pocket - 1979

*       Anglais scientifique (U.S. / G.B.) – JP. Soula et A.Bellecourt – Presses Pocket - 1989

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